Subject/Series/Course: Caribbean Theology Session 1 Recap at Jamaica Theological Seminary

Lecturer/Professor: Rev. Renaldo C. McKenzie

Date: June 13, 2023, Updated March 15, 2024

Abstract:

This academic journal article presents a comprehensive summary and analysis of a dialogue among individuals at Jamaica Theological Seminary in Caribbean Theology which included, Rev. Renaldo McKenzie, Lecturer, Chantelle Burton, Lecturer’s Assistant, and Roliams Leandre and Keron Francis, students. The conversation spans multiple topics on Caribbean issues, ranging from historical events to sociopolitical issues requiring theological considerations that are Caribbean and from a subaltern view. The discussions marked the opening conversations in Caribbean Theology as we seek to develop a theology that is uniquely Caribbean and speaks to the challenges, hopes, and dreams of the Caribbean.  The dialogue reveals significant themes related to misinformation, decolonization, Haitian democracy, liberation movements, privilege, power, the water crisis in Jamaica, and the political divisions that thwart any resolution to the crisis and other challenges of the Caribbean. The discussions provided insights into the dynamics of conversational exchanges and their potential implications for societal progress as we push the arguments to their logical end by critically revisiting history. This academic journal article summarizes a thought-provoking dialogue between the participants. The dialogue was useful and we delved into a range of topics, providing insights into the dynamics of conversational exchanges and their potential implications for social change. In fact, after the conversations, we were moved to compassion and action as the students relented and decided to sign a petition that has been established to bring awareness around the Haitian crisis and to rally support for a Haitian-led resolution that requires CARICOM not to support any international peace-keeping mission and the de-factor government currently leading Haiti.  

Keywords: discourse analysis, misinformation, decolonization, Haitian democracy, liberation movements, water crisis, unity, social change, Critical Thinking and Caribbean Theology

Preface (Study Notes and Rationale)

The overarching goal of exploring and presenting this dialogue text is twofold: first, to illustrate how context-driven dialogue practices are conceived and enacted in both public and private settings, forming integral components of interpersonal and institutional communication patterns deeply embedded within specific social-cultural traditions such as the Caribbean context, which we engage with here as subalterns; second, to underscore that dialogic interaction is best examined and understood through an analytical interplay between pragmatics and complementary fields of inquiry. While ample evidence indicates that dialogue pervades human communication, action, and interaction across everyday societal endeavors, instances of dialogue may also reveal underlying misrepresentations and misunderstandings that impede smooth communication. To address such challenges, this lecture features a class dialogue/discussion between students and the lecturer, employing pragmatics-related multidisciplinary perspectives to critically explore pertinent aspects of dialogue, both offline and online, in terms of personal and institutional positions, collaborative and confrontational discourse practices, as well as affiliation and disaffiliation in actual disputes.

Dialogue in a Philosophical Perspective:
This lecture explores the intrinsic connection between dialogue and the study of interpersonal, intergroup, and intercultural communication within Caribbean thought and academia. Dialogue is a crucial socialization method for humans, especially in Caribbean societies known for their high levels of verbal interaction. It serves as an essential instrument for building relationships, sharing ideas and feelings, and exchanging perspectives. Through dialogue, individuals engage in various activities and operate at different levels of society, reflecting the context-specific, situation-dependent, and culturally influenced impacts.

The Dialogical Turn:
The progressive expansion of the dialogical turn, succeeding the widely debated ‘linguistic turn’ of the 1960s and 1970s, places emphasis on the inherently dialogical nature of language use. It recognizes the pivotal role of language in understanding reality and gaining knowledge. Language functions through actions, interactions, responses, and counter-responses, showcasing its fundamentally dialogical character.

Dialogism and Dialogicality:
Dialogism refers to the aspect of human interaction that consciously acknowledges its connection to previous and anticipated future dialogues. Bakhtin, a philosopher of language and literary critic, offers an extensive framework for dialogue, moving the emphasis from the act of dialogue to a dialogical perspective of human activity, underscoring its extensive consequences.

Pragmatics of Dialogue:
The pragmatics of dialogue emerged from the significant insights of language philosophers, with continued enhancement by pragma-linguists. Philosophical language theories highlight the interpersonal aspects of dialogue, shedding light on its intricate and varied nature, which are influenced by and influences the roles, motivations, strategies, and goals of language users.

Introduction

This paper delves into a dialogue between Renaldo Mckenzie and Roliams Leandre, examining the various topics discussed and their underlying implications. The analysis aims to shed light on the dynamics of conversational exchanges and their potential influence on social change:

1. Misinformation Correction: The conversation initiates with the correction of an erroneous statement regarding John Berthad, clarifying that he was abducted rather than assassinated. This theme emphasizes the significance of factual accuracy and the responsibility of individuals to rectify misinformation.
2. Decolonization and Sociopolitical Influence: Renaldo and Roliams discuss the influence of colonial masters in Jamaica and the broader Caribbean region. The dialogue highlights the ongoing struggle for decolonization, exploring its implications on social structures and governance.
3. Haitian Democracy and Self-Determination: The conversation emphasizes the importance of supporting Haitian democracy and allowing the Haitian people to determine their own governance. This theme underscores the significance of self-determination and challenges external interference in the political affairs of Haiti.
4. Liberation Movements and Theological Considerations: Discussions in the dialogue touch upon liberation movements and their historical significance. The participants reflect on the intersection of theology and social movements, providing insights into the role of faith in advocating for justice and equality.
5. Environmental Concerns: The water crisis in Jamaica emerges as a focal point, highlighting the urgency of addressing environmental challenges. The conversation underscores the need for sustainable practices and collective efforts to combat the detrimental impact of water scarcity.
6. Unity and Social Change: Renaldo and Roliams express concerns about the lack of unity among the Jamaican people, particularly regarding matters of justice and good governance. They acknowledge the potential for a new generation to drive transformative change and foster unity among diverse communities.
7. Caribbean Theology: What is Caribbean Theology? Caribbean Theology seeks to address the spiritual, social, and economic challenges faced by the Caribbean people. It recognizes the region’s history of colonization, slavery, and ongoing socio-economic disparities, and seeks to offer a theological response that speaks to the lived experiences of Caribbean people. Some of the key themes and perspectives within Caribbean Theology include:
   1. Contextualization: Caribbean Theology emphasizes the importance of engaging with the specific cultural, historical, and social realities of the Caribbean context. It seeks to bridge the gap between theology and the everyday experiences of Caribbean people.
   2. Liberation Theology: Influenced by the broader liberation theology movement, Caribbean Theology places a particular emphasis on the liberation and empowerment of the marginalized and oppressed. It highlights the need for social justice, equality, and the dismantling of oppressive structures in Caribbean society.
   3. Afro-Caribbean Spirituality: Caribbean Theology recognizes and incorporates the rich spiritual traditions of the Afro-Caribbean population, including elements of African religions, Christianity, and syncretic practices. It acknowledges the spiritual resilience and creative expressions of faith within the Caribbean context.
   4. Identity and Cultural Reclamation: Caribbean Theology encourages the affirmation and reclamation of Caribbean cultural identity. It recognizes the importance of valuing and preserving Caribbean traditions, languages, music, and art as integral aspects of Caribbean spirituality.
   5. Community and Communal Ethics: Caribbean Theology emphasizes the communal nature of Caribbean society and promotes a sense of community, solidarity, and collective responsibility. It calls for a reorientation towards social and economic practices that prioritize the well-being of the entire community. It’s important to note that Caribbean Theology is a diverse and evolving field, with different theologians contributing their unique perspectives. The works of Caribbean Theologians such as, Lewin Williams and Garnet Roper, provide specific insights into their understanding of Caribbean Theology within the context of Jamaica.
   6. Finally, the course this semester will include my contribution and thinking surrounding this topic and the issue of Power and Privilege. This is vital as Caribbean Theology is a complex and multifaceted field of study that explores the intersection of spirituality, culture, and the unique historical experiences of the Caribbean region. It seeks to understand and address the issues of power, privilege, and status that have shaped Caribbean society and its theological landscape.

Keron Francis and Renaldo Mckenzie continue their discussion about writing and critical thinking. Renaldo explains that he approaches writing skeptically and critically, drawing from his background in philosophy and his Marxist perspective. He believes that writing requires exposure to knowledge and information, as well as critical thinking skills.

Renaldo emphasizes the importance of reflection and meditation, citing Richard Foster’s book “The Celebration of Discipline” and the concept of the examined life. He mentions how he spends time thinking about his writing topics, exposing himself to various stimuli, and engaging in discussions with others to brainstorm ideas. He expresses his passion and excitement for the subjects he writes about.

As the conversation progresses, it becomes clear that Renaldo has written an article about the current situation in Haiti, specifically focusing on the restoration of democracy. He mentions submitting the article to The Jacobin’s Magazine and possibly having it published. He suggests sharing his screen to show the article, but it’s unclear if this happens due to the flow of the conversation.

Keron Francis then asks Renaldo if he has a template or checklist for writing, to which Renaldo responds that he doesn’t follow a strict outline. Instead, he allows his thoughts to develop naturally, influenced by his critical thinking and Marxist perspective.

The Dialogical Exchange

Please note that the conversation seems to jump between different topics and may not have a clear flow.

Renaldo continues to explain that you write down every thought, every idea, every connection that comes to mind. It’s like a burst of creativity flowing through you, and you can’t help but capture it on paper.

As you write, the words start to form a structure, an outline of sorts. You begin to see the main points you want to address, the arguments you want to make, and the evidence you want to present. It’s a process of organizing your thoughts and shaping them into a coherent narrative.

But it doesn’t stop there. Writing is an iterative process, a constant refinement of ideas. You revise, edit, and polish your work, ensuring that each word carries the weight and meaning you intend. You strive for clarity and precision, choosing the most impactful language to convey your message.

And as you delve deeper into the subject matter, you find yourself researching, exploring different perspectives, and seeking out sources that support your arguments. You gather evidence, statistics, and examples to strengthen your position and provide a solid foundation for your claims.

Writing is a journey of discovery, both for the writer and the reader. It’s a way to share insights, challenge existing beliefs, and inspire change. It’s a tool for communication, for expressing your ideas, and for engaging with others in meaningful dialogue.

So, to answer your question, Keron, writing is a combination of inspiration and method. It starts with a spark of creativity, an epiphany that sets your mind in motion. But it also requires discipline, research, and critical thinking to shape those ideas into a compelling piece of writing.

And as for having a template, well, every writer has their process. Some may prefer to start with a detailed outline, while others may prefer to let the words flow freely and then refine them later. It’s a matter of finding what works best for you and adapting your approach as needed.

In the end, writing is a craft that evolves with practice and experience. It’s a lifelong journey of honing your skills, expanding your knowledge, and expressing yourself authentically. So, keep writing, keep exploring, and keep sharing your unique perspective with the world. Writing also involves the art of storytelling. Whether you’re crafting a compelling narrative, presenting an argument, or conveying information, storytelling techniques can help captivate and engage your audience. It’s about creating a connection, evoking emotions, and leaving a lasting impact on the reader.

One key aspect of effective writing is understanding your audience. Who are you writing for? What do they already know about the topic? What are their interests and perspectives? By tailoring your message to your specific audience, you can ensure that your writing resonates with them and addresses their needs and concerns.

Additionally, writing requires constant learning and improvement. The more you write, the better you become at it. You refine your style, develop a stronger voice, and gain a deeper understanding of your subject matter. It’s an ongoing process of growth and development, where feedback and constructive criticism play a vital role in shaping your skills.

Writing also goes beyond the act of putting pen to paper or fingers to keyboard. It involves research, reading, and staying informed about the world around you. By broadening your knowledge base and exposing yourself to different ideas and perspectives, you can enrich your writing and offer fresh insights to your readers.

Furthermore, writing is a form of self-expression and introspection. It allows you to explore your own thoughts, beliefs, and values. Through writing, you can discover new perspectives, challenge your own assumptions, and gain a deeper understanding of yourself and the world.

Lastly, writing is a powerful tool for effecting change. It has the potential to inspire, educate, and mobilize people into action. Whether it’s through persuasive essays, impactful articles, or thought-provoking stories, writing has the ability to shape opinions, challenge the status quo, and contribute to the collective discourse.

In conclusion, writing is a multifaceted process that combines creativity, research, storytelling, and effective communication. It’s a journey of self-discovery, personal growth, and making a meaningful impact on others. So, embrace the power of writing, continue honing your skills, and let your words shape the world around you.
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In the previous dialogue, Renaldo McKenzie discusses his published letter titled “The Editor,” which reflects on the question of whether we have misunderstood our heritage. He also mentions his podcast and interview with the Urban Indian Heritage Society, which inspired him to write the letter. Renaldo then introduces an article he wrote called “Voices United: A Petition for Democracy,” which focuses on the restoration of democracy in Haiti. He emphasizes the importance of social action and sacrifice in Caribbean theology and mentions the systemic dismantling of democracy, corruption, and income inequality in Haiti. The conversation shifts to the lack of elections in Haiti and the political situation surrounding the assassination of the President. Renaldo and Roliams Leandre discuss the motives behind the killing and the involvement of external forces. The dialogue concludes with the mention of a person connected to the President’s security detail who may have more information about the events.

Renaldo McKenzie expresses his concern about the prevailing narrative in mainstream media, which tends to simplify complex situations and overlooks the historical context that has led to the current state of affairs in Haiti. He believes that understanding the full picture is crucial for generating effective solutions and support.

Renaldo mentions the need for international solidarity and assistance in Haiti’s path towards democracy and development. He emphasizes the importance of addressing the underlying issues of poverty, inequality, and corruption that have plagued the country for decades.

Roliams Leandre adds to the conversation, highlighting the role of external forces and their interference in Haiti’s political landscape. He suggests that the assassination of the President could be connected to geopolitical interests, such as control over Haiti’s resources or suppressing the country’s influence.

Renaldo and Roliams also discuss the broader implications of the situation in Haiti, including the impact on neighboring countries and the Caribbean region as a whole. They agree that a stable and prosperous Haiti is vital for the well-being of the entire Caribbean community.

Before concluding the dialogue, Renaldo mentions a person who might possess valuable information about the events surrounding the President’s assassination. He suggests that further investigation and uncovering the truth are necessary to shed light on the complexities of the situation and hold accountable those responsible.

Overall, the conversation underscores the need for nuanced understanding, international support, and a commitment to justice in addressing Haiti’s challenges. Both Renaldo McKenzie and Roliams Leandre advocate for solidarity, activism, and a comprehensive approach to tackling the underlying issues that have hindered Haiti’s progress…suppressed by the former colonial powers or other big countries, but it is a possibility worth considering. The historical context of Haiti’s independence from France and the subsequent economic and political challenges faced by the country have contributed to a strained relationship between Haiti and certain global powers.

The issue of restitution for the damages caused during the era of slavery is a contentious one. Haiti, as the first independent Black republic, has sought reparations from France for the economic burden imposed on the country through forced payments and indemnity after gaining independence. This demand for restitution has faced resistance from France and has strained the diplomatic relations between the two countries.

It is plausible that the reluctance of powerful nations to support Haiti’s rise could be influenced by various factors, including economic interests, political agendas, and historical tensions. However, it is essential to approach such claims with a critical mindset and consider multiple perspectives.

In summary, while it is difficult to determine the exact motivations behind the actions of global powers towards Haiti, it is worth acknowledging the historical context and considering how past events may have shaped current dynamics.

Roliams Leandre: …punished for seeking restitution from France. It is indeed a possibility that the reluctance of certain countries to support Haiti’s rise and development is influenced by such legal claims. The history of colonialism and exploitation has left deep scars on Haiti, and the issue of reparations is a sensitive and complex one.

Renaldo Mckenzie: I understand. The effects of colonization and the struggle for reparations are significant factors in Haiti’s current situation. It’s disheartening to see the challenges that the country continues to face.

Roliams Leandre: Absolutely. The legacy of colonization has had a profound impact on Haiti’s political, economic, and social structures. It has contributed to the poverty, instability, and inequality that we witness today. The struggle for reparations is not just about financial compensation but also about recognition, justice, and breaking free from the cycles of oppression.

Renaldo Mckenzie: I couldn’t agree more. It’s crucial for the international community to acknowledge the historical injustices faced by Haiti and to support efforts towards healing, rebuilding, and empowering the Haitian people.

Roliams Leandre: Indeed, international solidarity and support are vital for Haiti’s progress. It’s essential to address the root causes of the country’s challenges and work towards sustainable solutions. This includes promoting good governance, fostering economic development, and investing in education, healthcare, and infrastructure.

Renaldo Mckenzie: Absolutely. It’s a complex journey, but with collective efforts and a commitment to justice and equality, positive change can be achieved. Haiti deserves a future that is free from violence, poverty, and political instability.

Roliams Leandre: I couldn’t agree more. Haiti has a rich history and a resilient population. It’s time to empower the Haitian people to shape their destiny and overcome the challenges that lie ahead.

Renaldo Mckenzie: Thank you, Roliams, for sharing your insights and shedding light on the issues facing Haiti. It’s been a thought-provoking conversation, and I appreciate your perspective.

Roliams Leandre: You’re welcome, Renaldo. I’m glad we had this conversation, and I hope it contributes to a greater understanding of Haiti’s struggles and aspirations. Let us continue to raise awareness and advocate for a better future for Haiti and its people.

Renaldo Mckenzie: Absolutely. Together, we can make a difference. Thank you once again, Roliams, and take care.

Roliams Leandre: Thank you, Renaldo. Take care as well, and let’s stay engaged in the pursuit of justice and progress. Goodbye for now.

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During the conversation between Roliams Leandre, Renaldo Mckenzie, and Chantelle Burton, they discussed various topics related to Haiti, voodoo, and religion. They mentioned the historical context of Haiti’s independence through revolution and the role of figures like Boukman, a voodoo priest. They explained that voodoo is a practice rooted in ancestral spirits and protection, but its meaning and use have evolved overtime. They touched on the dominant religion in Haiti, which is Christianity, and how voodoo is not widely practiced but still has cultural significance. The conversation also delved into the influence of voodoo on other religions, such as Catholicism, particularly in beliefs regarding the afterlife and the presence of spirits. Overall, the discussion explored the intersection of religion, culture, and history in Haiti.

Furthermore, the conversation delved into the misconceptions and stereotypes surrounding voodoo. Roliams Leandre, Renaldo Mckenzie, and Chantelle Burton emphasized that voodoo is often misunderstood due to sensationalized portrayals in popular culture and media. They highlighted the importance of dispelling these misconceptions and promoting a more accurate understanding of the religion.

The participants also discussed the impact of voodoo on Haitian society, particularly in the realms of healing and community support. They mentioned the role of voodoo priests and priestesses as spiritual leaders and healers within their communities. They explained that voodoo ceremonies and rituals provide a sense of unity and empowerment for those who participate.

In addition, the conversation touched on the connection between voodoo and the natural world. The participants discussed the reverence for nature and the belief in the interconnectedness of all living beings within voodoo practice. They highlighted the importance of environmental sustainability and the need to protect the natural resources in Haiti.

Overall, the conversation shed light on the complex and multifaceted nature of voodoo, challenging stereotypes and fostering a deeper understanding of the religion’s cultural significance in Haiti. The participants emphasized the importance of respecting and appreciating diverse religious practices…

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Renaldo Mckenzie: Exactly, the Bible cannot be understood outside of its historical context. It is considered the inspired word of God, but its inspiration seems to be focused on a particular group of people. For example, the Hebrew people have their traditions, history, and hopes, which are reflected in the Old Testament. The New Testament, on the other hand, speaks more to the Gentiles and other non-Jewish groups who were seeking acceptance and a new religious understanding.

The Romans and other Gentiles were looking for something that would resonate with their experiences, and that’s where Jesus and his teachings came in. This is why we have different interpretations of the Bible, such as liberation theology, which emerged to address the unique struggles of black people and other marginalized groups. It highlights the need to consider the cultural and social context when interpreting religious texts.

However, it becomes problematic when one tradition or interpretation is privileged over others and used to impose values on different cultures. This can lead to ethnocentrism and the devaluation of other perspectives. Theology should be inclusive and open to multiple understandings of the divine, recognizing that God’s greatness extends beyond any specific cultural or ethnic boundaries.

In the previous conversation, Renaldo McKenzie and Roliams Leandre discuss the history of slavery and the African experience in the New World. They mention the Middle Passage and how slaves from Africa quickly adapted to Western techniques of production and culture once they arrived. Renaldo highlights the strategic division of slaves to prevent unity and the loss of their language and culture.

They also touch upon the practice of voodoo in Haiti and how it has been stigmatized and seen as evil, possibly due to the lingering effects of colonialism and the perception of African practices as devilish. Roliams mentions the omission of Africa in the Bible’s accounts and the lack of mention of the spread of Christianity in Africa in the Book of Acts.

Renaldo explains that the Bible needs to be understood within its historical context and that it primarily focuses on specific groups of people. The New Testament, for example, caters more to Gentiles and non-Hebrew traditions. He mentions the importance of liberation theology in addressing the experiences of black people and challenges the imposition of one theological tradition over another based on ethnocentrism.

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Roliams Leandre expresses the belief that the Caribbean is still psychologically enslaved and that there is a self-perception of inadequacy. He suggests that some Caribbean people try to align themselves with whiteness by using bleaching creams and seeking acceptance from the white community. This self-perception of inferiority leads to a rejection of African traditions and ideologies.

Renaldo Mckenzie explains that this rejection of African influences in Caribbean culture and theology is a result of colonization and the strategy of division implemented by the colonizers. He argues that unity among Caribbean people and acceptance of their theology is essential for overcoming this division and addressing the challenges faced by the region.

Renaldo Mckenzie also draws a parallel between the situation in Haiti and the strategy employed by Russia in Ukraine. He explains that the strategy of preventing smaller countries from surpassing larger ones is a tactic used by those in power. He emphasizes the need for Caribbean theology to address the issues of division and lack of democracy in Haiti and other countries.

Both speakers agree that Caribbean theology should speak to the plight of the people and advocate for democracy. They highlight the importance of addressing corruption, mismanagement, and hunger in Haiti, rather than relying solely on aid. They call on the Caribbean community to stand up for democracy in Haiti and refuse to support any initiatives that would legitimize an illegal government.

Roliams Leandre shares his personal perspective on the situation in Haiti, expressing his reluctance to openly discuss politics due to the wickedness and thirst for power displayed by some individuals in the country.

Overall, the speakers emphasize the need for unity, self-acceptance, and a theology that addresses the challenges faced by the Caribbean community, particularly in Haiti. They highlight the role of Caribbean people in championing their own freedom and advocating for democracy in their countries.

In the conversation between Roliams Leandre and Renaldo Mckenzie, we continued exploring on the issue of unity and acceptance of African-influenced ideologies and practices in the Caribbean. They highlight the prevailing perception of African traditions, such as voodoo or Rastafari, as fringe or taboo within Caribbean society. They question why Caribbean people, who have African heritage and influenced by African traditions, tend to look down upon their philosophies and theologies.

Roliams Leandre suggests that this lack of acceptance may stem from the legacy of slavery and a lingering mentality of self-deprecation. He expresses how some Caribbean individuals may feel the need to bleach their skin or align themselves with white culture to be considered acceptable. Roliams emphasizes the importance of unity among Caribbean people and the need to overcome divisions and work together to build their countries.

Renaldo Mckenzie adds that the issue of unity is a strategy employed by colonizers to maintain control and prevent Caribbean nations from surpassing their former masters. He draws parallels with the situation in Russia and Ukraine, where Russia seeks to maintain dominance by preventing other countries from surpassing its GDP. Renaldo suggests that the lack of unity and acceptance within Caribbean societies hinders progress and plays into the hands of those who wish to control them.

The discussions also touch upon the role of theology and the Caribbean church in addressing these issues. Renaldo argues that Caribbean theology should speak to the plight of the people and work towards unity and hope. He expresses concern that Caribbean theology often looks down upon itself and fails to embrace its own traditions, further exacerbating the issue of disunity.

The conversation concludes with a discussion about the current situation in Haiti, where the government has been accused of corruption and mismanagement. They highlight the importance of supporting democracy in Haiti and call upon Caribbean people to refuse to participate in initiatives that support an illegal de facto government. They emphasize the need for the Haitian people to unite and demand better governance to bring about positive change.

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Roliams Leandre raises the issue of cultural appropriation, where elements of African culture are often appropriated and celebrated by others outside of the African diaspora while being disregarded or stigmatized within Caribbean societies. He emphasizes the need for Caribbean people to reclaim and embrace their own cultural heritage without seeking validation from external sources.

Renaldo Mckenzie adds that education plays a crucial role in changing perceptions and promoting acceptance of African traditions and ideologies. He suggests that schools should include African history and cultural studies in their curriculum to foster a sense of pride and understanding among Caribbean youth.

The discussions then highlighted the power of media and the need for more representation of African-influenced cultures in mainstream media platforms. By highlighting positive aspects of African traditions and showcasing their contributions to Caribbean society, they believe it will help combat negative stereotypes and promote unity.

The conversation also touches on economic empowerment within the Caribbean. They highlight the importance of supporting local businesses and entrepreneurs, as well as investing in infrastructure and industries that can help drive economic growth within the region. By strengthening the Caribbean economy, they believe it will foster a sense of self-reliance and promote unity among the Caribbean nations.

Roliams Leandre and Renaldo Mckenzie emphasize the need for unity, acceptance, and empowerment within Caribbean societies. They call upon Caribbean people to embrace their African heritage, challenge negative perceptions, and work together to build a stronger and more prosperous future.

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The conversation turned to the topic of inclusive approaches to theology critiquing the seminary and its emphasis on understanding and knowing God. The discussion touched on the promotion of a masculine identity of God in some theological perspectives.

From there, the conversation delved into the influence of European ideologies, laws, and theologies on Caribbean countries. It explored how inherited beliefs affect economic practices, family dynamics, and even the presence or absence of activities like casino gambling. The influence of theology on different aspects of society, such as marijuana, sexuality, and economic practices, was also discussed.

The conversation then turned to Caribbean spirituality and its incorporation of diverse elements, including African religions, Christianity, and synthetic practices. It highlighted the spiritual resilience and creative expressions of faith within the Caribbean context.

Next, the conversation shifted to identity and cultural reclamation in Caribbean theology. It emphasized the affirmation and reclamation of Caribbean cultural identity and recognized the importance of diverse faith experiences within the region.

The discussion took an unexpected turn when the topic shifted to the discovery of the Caribbean by Christopher Columbus and the impacts on indigenous populations. The dialogue touched on the notion of civilization, acknowledging that the indigenous people had their own sophisticated ways of life and culture, even if it differed from the Western perspective of civilization.

The conversation then briefly explored the history of colonization, the arrival of slaves, and the displacement of indigenous populations in Haiti and the Caribbean. It pondered the fate of the indigenous people and their possible survival or assimilation into other cultures.

The conversation covered various interdisciplinary topics, including theology, spirituality, history, cultural identity, colonization, and the impact on indigenous populations.

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The conversation delved into the history of colonization in the Caribbean, specifically focusing on the arrival of Christopher Columbus and the subsequent impact on the indigenous populations. It acknowledged that the indigenous people had their own sophisticated civilizations and cultures before the arrival of Europeans. The dialogue touched on the displacement of indigenous populations, the enslavement of Africans, and the resulting demographic and cultural changes in Haiti and the wider Caribbean.

The conversation also raised questions about the fate of the indigenous people and whether they managed to survive or were assimilated into other cultures. It acknowledged the tragic consequences of colonization and the lasting effects it had on the region.

While the discussion did not provide an extensive exploration of historical details, it recognized the significance of colonization in shaping the Caribbean’s history and the need to critically examine its impact on indigenous populations.

In addition to the history of colonization in the Caribbean, the conversation also touched upon the period of slavery and the transatlantic slave trade. It highlighted the brutal conditions endured by enslaved Africans, their resistance movements, and the eventual abolition of slavery.

The participants discussed the plantation economy that emerged in the Caribbean, particularly the sugar plantations that became central to the region’s economy. They examined the exploitation of enslaved labor and the economic motivations behind the trade in human beings.

Moreover, the dialogue emphasized the cultural and social repercussions of this history. It acknowledged the rich diversity of cultures in the Caribbean, resulting from the blending of African, indigenous, and European traditions. The participants explored the formation of new languages, religions, music, and art forms that emerged as a result of this cultural fusion.

The conversation also mentioned the role of the Caribbean in the broader context of global history. It touched on the connections between the Caribbean and other parts of the world, such as Europe, Africa, and the Americas, through trade networks, migration, and the exchange of ideas.

Throughout the discussion, the interdisciplinary nature of the topic was evident, as the participants drew on historical, cultural, sociological, and anthropological perspectives to gain a comprehensive understanding of the Caribbean’s complex past.

The conversation concluded by emphasizing the importance of recognizing and studying this history to gain a deeper appreciation for the Caribbean’s diverse heritage and to challenge dominant narratives that often overlook or marginalize the experiences of indigenous peoples and African descendants.

Building on the interdisciplinary approach, the participants delved into the economic implications of colonization in the Caribbean. They explored the ways the extraction of resources, such as sugar, tobacco, and precious metals, fueled the growth of European empires and contributed to the development of global capitalism.

The conversation also examined the political dynamics of colonial rule in the Caribbean. It shed light on the power dynamics between European colonial powers and the indigenous populations, as well as the resistance movements that arose in response to oppression and exploitation.

Furthermore, the participants discussed the lasting impact of colonialism on contemporary Caribbean societies. They analyzed how colonial legacies continue to shape issues such as social inequality, racial discrimination, and post-colonial identity formation.

In the realm of literature and the arts, the conversation explored the works of Caribbean writers, poets, and artists who have used their creative expressions to reflect on the region’s history and its ongoing struggles for self-determination and social justice.

The participants also highlighted the importance of decolonizing knowledge and education, calling for a critical examination of Eurocentric perspectives and the inclusion of diverse voices and narratives in the study of the Caribbean.

Note: The brainstorming session on the introduction to the course provided a comprehensive exploration of the history of colonization in the Caribbean, including the transatlantic slave trade, the plantation economy, cultural fusion, and the interconnectedness of the Caribbean with the wider world. It underscored the interdisciplinary nature of the topic and emphasized the need to recognize and study this history for a more nuanced understanding of the Caribbean’s past and present. Additionally, it highlighted the significance of decolonization in education and the amplification of marginalized voices in shaping a more inclusive narrative.

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The dialogue continued around the importance of preserving and reclaiming Caribbean cultural heritage, including the recognition of Indian heritage within the Caribbean. The conversation touches upon the history of slavery, colonization, and the struggle for independence in Haiti, as well as the need for Caribbean people to explore their connections to the original inhabitants of the region.

Renaldo McKenzie emphasizes the significance of identity and cultural heritage in making claims against historical injustices and theft. He mentions the example of Israel reclaiming their homeland based on the preservation of their cultural heritage. The conversation also touches on the African roots of the Haitian people and their successful revolution against the French colonizers.

Roliams Leandre agrees with the importance of exploring one’s heritage but raises questions about the lack of evidence regarding the Indian heritage in Haiti and the Caribbean. He suggests that further research and exploration are necessary to uncover potential connections and claims.

The conversation concludes by discussing the key aspects of carbon theology, which include the affirmation and reclamation of Caribbean cultural identity, the recognition of communal ethics and responsibility, and the need to address issues of power, privilege, and status within Caribbean society.

In Caribbean Theology, the critical thinking dialogue aims to highlight that moral codes are not inherently natural, universal, or divine. Instead, they are shaped by individuals who hold positions of privilege and influence, primarily through their theological perspectives. By challenging the assumption of a universally applicable moral code, the dialogue underscores the importance of recognizing the subjective nature of morality and the diverse cultural and theological perspectives that shape it.

The dialogue prompts an exploration of how power dynamics and social hierarchies can influence the construction of moral codes. It questions the notion of an objective moral framework and emphasizes the need to consider the perspectives and experiences of marginalized groups whose voices have historically been excluded from theological discussions.

Through this critical examination, the dialogue seeks to encourage a more inclusive and nuanced understanding of morality. It promotes a broader dialogue that acknowledges the diverse cultural, social, and theological influences at play in shaping moral codes, ultimately challenging the notion of a single, absolute standard of morality.

The critical thinking dialogue in Caribbean Theology delves deeper into the idea that moral codes are influenced by men who privilege their perspectives and theologies. It challenges the dominant narratives that present moral codes as objective and universally applicable, pointing out how such narratives often reflect the values and interests of those in positions of power.

The dialogue examines how historical, social, and cultural contexts shape moral frameworks. It highlights how colonialism, imperialism, and the legacies of slavery have impacted moral codes in the Caribbean, often imposing external values and norms that do not align with the lived experiences and cultural traditions of the region.

Furthermore, the dialogue explores the ways religious and theological perspectives can be used to justify and perpetuate certain moral codes while marginalizing others. It exposes how theological interpretations and doctrines have often been employed to reinforce existing power structures and exclude alternative moral viewpoints.

By critically analyzing these dynamics, the dialogue aims to encourage a more self-reflective and inclusive approach to moral reasoning. It calls for individuals to question the authority and universality of moral codes imposed by those in power, emphasizing the importance of actively engaging with diverse perspectives and experiences to foster more just and equitable moral frameworks.

Conclusion

In essence, the critical thinking dialogue in Caribbean Theology challenges the notion of a fixed and universally applicable moral code, exposing how moral frameworks are influenced by men who privilege their perspectives and theologies. It advocates for a more inclusive and contextually sensitive understanding of morality, one that acknowledges the diverse influences and experiences that shape our ethical beliefs and practices.

—–

Renaldo McKenzie: Thank you for your active participation in today’s discussion. I apologize if I went off on tangents, but I wanted to emphasize the importance of defining Caribbean theology and not neglecting the individual in the process. Our theology should not repeat the crimes committed by our former masters, such as negating the individual and lumping everyone into a general will.

I encourage you to reflect on the question: What is the ultimate of all things? My perspective is that it is about becoming one with reality while embracing our individuality. As we formulate our theology, we must recognize the impact of colonization on us and strive to develop a theology that encompasses our unique experiences.

For your homework, I want you to come up with your definition of theology. Consider the people, the place, and the problems of the Caribbean in your definition. You can present it as a one-pager or half a page. Feel free to reach out to me throughout the week with any comments or ideas.

I also invite you to follow me on Twitter and subscribe to my pages as we build a movement of Caribbean thinkers. Together, we can bring about the change that the previous generation has failed to achieve. I have faith in you, the new crop of scholars, to make a difference

Renaldo Mckenzie: …with, your experiences, your perspectives, your thoughts, and your challenges. It is through our engagement and interaction that true learning and growth occur. So, I want to encourage each one of you to actively participate in this process, to question, to challenge, and to contribute your unique insights.

Renaldo Mckenzie: Remember, we are here to learn from one another, to explore new ideas, and to shape the future of Caribbean theology. It is not just about regurgitating information or following a prescribed set of beliefs. It is about critical thinking, open-mindedness, and a willingness to embrace diversity.

Renaldo Mckenzie: As we continue our journey, I urge you to delve deeper into the concept of Caribbean theology. Consider the complexities of our history, the challenges we face as a region, and the diverse perspectives that exist within our communities. Let us strive for a theology that is inclusive, respectful, and empowering.

Renaldo Mckenzie: I look forward to our next class where we can further explore these topics and engage in meaningful discussions. Remember to come prepared with your thoughts, ideas, and questions. Together, we can make a difference and contribute to the development of a vibrant and relevant Caribbean theology.

Renaldo Mckenzie: Thank you all for your participation and for being part of this important journey. Until next time, take care and continue to seek knowledge and understanding. Goodbye for now, and see you in our next class.

Please note that this summary is a compilation of the points mentioned in the conversation and may not fully capture the nuances of the discussion.

In the end, from the dialogical exchanges, we developed a study exploring the changes in attitudes towards Afro-Caribbean Beliefs ((PDF) Exploring Changing Attitudes towards Afro-Caribbean Beliefs in Jamaica/Caribbean: A Study of Socio-Political, Religious, and Cultural Influences (researchgate.net). Caribbean and black people’s unity threatened the status quo. So, the plan was always to implement strategies that prevent poor people’s unity and the value of their strength, such as rejecting and diluting one’s language as Creole and religion as evil for a Eurocentric one. Hence we want to rediscover our unity by revisiting our history and exploring the changing attitudes towards Afro-Caribbean and indigenous traditions in the Americas.

[End of lecture]

Reference and Additional Reading

[Completed, 2023] Dialogue and Dialogic Perspectives on Actions, Interactions and Practices across Contexts. Edited by Cornelia Ilie. Last update 22 February 2022. https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-pragmatics/special-issue/10QCN22H3XN  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03782166/vsi/10QCN22H3XN

Embracing Diversity: Exploring Caribbean Theology and Its Cultural Roots – The Neoliberal (renaldocmckenzie.com Embracing Diversity: Exploring Caribbean Theology and Its Cultural Roots – The Neoliberal (renaldocmckenzie.com)

Caribbean Theology Session 1: Dynamics of Discourse: Conversational Themes in a Dialogic Exchange (The NeoLiberal Round by Renaldo McKenzie YouTube Channel via youtube.com, https://youtu.be/j7fIdMGgSts?si=CYZ29kFU9VIhuJ91).

This was an actual Lecture by Prof. Renaldo McKenzie at Jamaica Theological Seminary. Renaldo is also the author Neoliberalism, Globalization, Income Inequality, Poverty and Resistance and the Creator of The Neoliberal Round Podcast and YouTube Channel.

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